Periodontology Basel: Maintaining a healthy periodontium and gum tissue

Periodontitis is one of the most common diseases of the oral cavity.
Even more than tooth decay, it is the leading cause of tooth loss.
The supporting structures of the teeth become colonised by pathogenic bacteria and gradually break down. Teeth become mobile and eventually fall out.
Our treatments stop periodontitis and prevent imminent tooth loss.

This includes:
Intensive periodontal therapy with ultrasound, curettage, and laser treatment (see laser therapy) to destroy the biofilm; if necessary, laboratory-based biofilm analysis (bacterial testing) and, in exceptional cases, targeted systemic antibiotic therapy; periodontal surgery if required; short-term chlorhexidine application (full-mouth disinfection) and regular recall appointments (close monitoring and follow-up care).

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The main risk factors for periodontitis can be divided into modifiable and non-modifiable factors. Here are the most important ones at a glance:

Modifiable risk factors

These are factors we (or you) can directly influence:

Poor oral hygiene — the main cause of plaque (biofilm), which triggers inflammation in the periodontal tissues.
Smoking — reduces blood flow and weakens immune function; nicotine affects immune cells. Smoking also shifts the bacterial composition toward more pathogenic species. The risk increases three- to fourfold.
Diabetes mellitus (especially poorly controlled) — impairs immune response and wound healing. There is a bidirectional relationship: periodontitis can worsen diabetes and increase diabetes risk.
Stress — weakens the immune system and often leads to poorer oral hygiene.
Psychosocial factors — often underestimated in this context.
Nutrition — deficiencies in vitamin C, calcium, and especially vitamin D, as well as high sugar intake, increase the risk of periodontitis.
A vitamin D deficiency increases the risk of periodontitis and peri-implantitis by 20–100% according to current research.
Certain medications — e.g., immunosuppressants, antiepileptics, and calcium channel blockers can promote gingival hyperplasia (inflamed, enlarged gums).

Non-modifiable risk factors

Genetic predisposition
Polymorphisms (e.g., IL-1 gene cluster) influence immune response and can be identified via family history.
Age
Risk increases with age due to cumulative plaque exposure and age-related immune changes.
Systemic diseases
Conditions such as rheumatoid arthritis or chronic infections increase susceptibility.

Systemic consequences of untreated periodontitis

1. Cardiovascular disease

Higher risk of:
• Atherosclerosis
• Heart attack
• Stroke

Mechanism:
Bacteria (e.g., Porphyromonas gingivalis) and inflammatory mediators enter the bloodstream, promoting arterial plaque formation.

2. Diabetes mellitus

A bidirectional relationship:
• Periodontitis worsens insulin resistance and blood sugar control
• Poorly controlled diabetes exacerbates periodontitis

Dental periodontal therapy can lower HbA1c values by 0.4–0.6%.

3. Pregnancy complications

Associated with:
• Preterm birth
• Low birth weight

Mechanism:
Inflammatory mediators (e.g., prostaglandin E2) may trigger preterm labour.

4. Dementia & Alzheimer’s disease

Evidence shows involvement of periodontal pathogens (P. gingivalis) in neurodegenerative processes.
Studies show a strong correlation between tooth loss from periodontitis and cognitive decline in older age.

5. Rheumatoid arthritis

Shared pathophysiological mechanisms:
• Autoimmune reactions
• Inflammatory mediators

Periodontal treatment can significantly reduce disease activity in rheumatoid arthritis.

Our treatment goal: complete elimination of pathogenic bacteria

Regardless of severity or progression, our aim is to fully eliminate pathogenic bacteria in your oral cavity — enabling complete healing of periodontitis.
This preserves your teeth long-term and significantly reduces the risk of serious systemic disease.

We support you in identifying underlying causes during your medical history.
If further evaluation is needed, this is performed via your general practitioner or our consulting internist, Dr. Izabela Nikas (MedBase at SBB).
There, you can undergo blood tests without appointment — e.g., for diabetes or chronic inflammation.

Additionally, you receive individual recommendations and support, such as:
• Smoking cessation guidance
• Targeted supplementation of missing micronutrients (e.g., vitamin D)

Frequently asked questions about periodontitis

How can I recognise early signs of periodontitis?

Common signs include red, bleeding, or receding gums, bad breath, sensitive tooth necks, or loosening teeth. Many people experience no symptoms for a long time — which is why regular check-ups are essential.

Is periodontitis curable?

Yes — if it is detected early and treated properly.
The goal is to stop the inflammation, preserve the tissue, and restore a stable, healthy environment that lasts long-term.

What role does my general health play in treatment?

A major one.
Diabetes, vitamin D deficiency, stress, and certain medications can worsen periodontitis. We take these factors into account as part of your treatment plan.

What can I do myself to get my periodontitis under control?

Consistent oral hygiene, regular professional cleanings, and reducing risk factors such as smoking or excessive sugar intake are crucial — and we support you every step of the way.

Contact us

Do you have questions or want to schedule an appointment? We’re here for you – by phone, email, or directly through our contact form. We look forward to hearing from you.

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Gellertstrasse 2a
4052 Basel
Switzerland